Source = South African Reserve Bank Historical Data
South African Real Prime Overdraft Rate
1968 - 2011
Source = South African Reserve Bank
South African Real Prime Overdraft Rate
2002-2011
Prime vs Repo vs Inter-Bank
2001-2011
In the period 2001-2011, the Prime Rate is typically = Repo Rate + 3.5%, while the InterBank rate is typically = Repo - 1.5%, for a situation of Prime = Interbank + 5%.
South African Interest Rate Differentials
2001 - 2011
Thursday, March 24, 2011
Wednesday, March 23, 2011
Tuesday, March 15, 2011
A Simple Explanation of the Current US Debt Ponzi Scheme
US Congressman John Campbell explains the US Debt Ponzi scheme:
Treasury Bonds: I learned something last week. I learned that fully 40% of the over $9 trillion in Treasury debt currently outstanding to the public has a maturity of 3 years or less. Put another way, it means that we are rapidly approaching $4 trillion in U.S. debt that matures by 2014 or sooner. As I write this, the yield (interest rate paid) on a 2-year Treasury note is 0.645% or about 2/3 of one percent. The yield, at the same time, on a 10 year Treasury note is 3.4%, and on a 30 year is 4.55%. In bond parlance, this is called a "steep yield curve" where interest rates get much higher as you go farther out in time.
It's pretty clear why the Treasury is doing this. By issuing mostly short-term notes, the Treasury is paying less interest, thereby keeping interest costs and, consequently, the deficit down. In addition, the Federal Reserve is in the middle of its "quantitative easing #2" (QE2) under which it is buying $600 billion of our own Treasury debt over about a 6 month period. The Fed is not buying the short-term notes, but is buying 10 year maturities and longer in order to hold those rates down. And, since the Fed is earning the interest thereon (paid by the U.S. Treasury), it is improving its yield. We are currently running a deficit of about $130 billion per month, so the Fed is basically buying all of the new bond issuance from the deficit for almost 5 months.
What does this all mean? I understand that the Fed and the Treasury are trying to keep interest rates low and improve the economy and the deficit. But, when coupled with the huge deficits, these moves look a bit like a Ponzi scheme that will soon unravel.
We are printing money ($600 billion) to buy our own debt so that the full effects of the deficit are not felt. We are buying long-term bonds to artificially hold down the rates on those bonds since home mortgages and many other things are based on those rates. We are selling the short-term bonds at cheaper rates to hold down costs now, but are leaving ourselves open to huge cost increases when interest rates go up. And, we are at historic lows on these short-term bond rates. If they were to rise by 3 points (which would put them where they were at as recently as 2008), our deficit would increase by another $150 billion per year, even if the long-term rates stay the same. And, once the Fed ends QE2, even if it doesn't reverse it, the markets will then have to absorb a new influx of long-term bonds at a time when our ability to pay them is in question. The Fed can cure a bunch of this simply by printing a lot more money. That, however, will result in an inflationary period with major wealth destruction and economic malaise.
In the period between 2005-2007, we were sowing the seeds of the 2008 financial crisis through too much leverage in the private sector. But, very few people could see it coming. Today, we are sowing the seeds of another crisis with too much leverage in the public sector. This time, though, it's easy to see it coming.
Treasury Bonds: I learned something last week. I learned that fully 40% of the over $9 trillion in Treasury debt currently outstanding to the public has a maturity of 3 years or less. Put another way, it means that we are rapidly approaching $4 trillion in U.S. debt that matures by 2014 or sooner. As I write this, the yield (interest rate paid) on a 2-year Treasury note is 0.645% or about 2/3 of one percent. The yield, at the same time, on a 10 year Treasury note is 3.4%, and on a 30 year is 4.55%. In bond parlance, this is called a "steep yield curve" where interest rates get much higher as you go farther out in time.
It's pretty clear why the Treasury is doing this. By issuing mostly short-term notes, the Treasury is paying less interest, thereby keeping interest costs and, consequently, the deficit down. In addition, the Federal Reserve is in the middle of its "quantitative easing #2" (QE2) under which it is buying $600 billion of our own Treasury debt over about a 6 month period. The Fed is not buying the short-term notes, but is buying 10 year maturities and longer in order to hold those rates down. And, since the Fed is earning the interest thereon (paid by the U.S. Treasury), it is improving its yield. We are currently running a deficit of about $130 billion per month, so the Fed is basically buying all of the new bond issuance from the deficit for almost 5 months.
What does this all mean? I understand that the Fed and the Treasury are trying to keep interest rates low and improve the economy and the deficit. But, when coupled with the huge deficits, these moves look a bit like a Ponzi scheme that will soon unravel.
We are printing money ($600 billion) to buy our own debt so that the full effects of the deficit are not felt. We are buying long-term bonds to artificially hold down the rates on those bonds since home mortgages and many other things are based on those rates. We are selling the short-term bonds at cheaper rates to hold down costs now, but are leaving ourselves open to huge cost increases when interest rates go up. And, we are at historic lows on these short-term bond rates. If they were to rise by 3 points (which would put them where they were at as recently as 2008), our deficit would increase by another $150 billion per year, even if the long-term rates stay the same. And, once the Fed ends QE2, even if it doesn't reverse it, the markets will then have to absorb a new influx of long-term bonds at a time when our ability to pay them is in question. The Fed can cure a bunch of this simply by printing a lot more money. That, however, will result in an inflationary period with major wealth destruction and economic malaise.
In the period between 2005-2007, we were sowing the seeds of the 2008 financial crisis through too much leverage in the private sector. But, very few people could see it coming. Today, we are sowing the seeds of another crisis with too much leverage in the public sector. This time, though, it's easy to see it coming.
Wednesday, March 9, 2011
Jeff Gundlach
BusinessInsider
Gundlach: "An investor is a trader who is underwater."
Bloomberg, 2010/10/05
BusinessInsider Interview 2011/02
Barrons Interview
Gundlach: "An investor is a trader who is underwater."
Bloomberg, 2010/10/05
BusinessInsider Interview 2011/02
Barrons Interview
PIMCO under Bill Gross Holds No US Treasuries
Bill Gross, who manages the world's largest mutual fund, the Total Return fund, at fixed income giant PIMCO, currently holds no US treasuries. It might be said that this is quite a statement.
2011/03/09
ZeroHedge:
Based on still to be publicly reported data by Pimco's flagship Total Return Fund, the world's largest bond fund, in the month of January, has taken its bond holdings to zero (and -14% on a Duration Weighted Exposure basis). The offset, not surprisingly, is cash. After sporting $28.6 billion in "government related" securities, TRF dropped to $0.0, while its cash holdings surged from $11.9 billion to a whopping $54.5 billion (based on total TRF holdings of $236.9 billion as of February 28). This is the most cash the flagship fund has ever held, and the lowest amount in Treasury holdings since January 2009 before it was made clear that the Fed was going to adjust QE1 to include Treasurys in addition to Mortgage Backed Securities. PIMCO's Treasury holdings peaked in June 2010 at $147.4 billion and have declined consistently ever since.
2011/03/09
ZeroHedge:
Based on still to be publicly reported data by Pimco's flagship Total Return Fund, the world's largest bond fund, in the month of January, has taken its bond holdings to zero (and -14% on a Duration Weighted Exposure basis). The offset, not surprisingly, is cash. After sporting $28.6 billion in "government related" securities, TRF dropped to $0.0, while its cash holdings surged from $11.9 billion to a whopping $54.5 billion (based on total TRF holdings of $236.9 billion as of February 28). This is the most cash the flagship fund has ever held, and the lowest amount in Treasury holdings since January 2009 before it was made clear that the Fed was going to adjust QE1 to include Treasurys in addition to Mortgage Backed Securities. PIMCO's Treasury holdings peaked in June 2010 at $147.4 billion and have declined consistently ever since.
Sunday, March 6, 2011
Savouri @ ToscaFund declares South Africa fatally flawed. ANC Youth League president Julius Malema backs him up.
Savvas Savouri, chief economist and partner at hedge fund TosacaFund, has issued a report (published by Reuters) in which he declares that South Africa is "socially, politically and demographically flawed. It will malfunction within 15 years. It will go the way of MENA (the Middle East and North Africa) but the blow-up will be much more serious".
By way of support, he cites the fact that "professional whites and blacks are leaving in hordes - the human capital is decaying", and that the state exhibits a "lack of centralised leadership".
Savouri forecasts that as a result of this dysfunctional state, "Russia and Australia will win out. The surge in commodity prices will benefit them".
---
Savouri has a history of being contrarian and outspoken, having previously gone on record as stating "Finance is almost lawless. The nature of regulation is so light touch that it may as well not be there at all" during an address to the London School of Economics.
---
To put the prognostication in context, here are some of the things that ANC Youth League president Julius Malema had to say at an official party function (held in the lead up to the local government elections) last week.
[It is blatantly clear to everyone but his electorate that this is primarily an attempt to redirect dissatisfaction with the ANC's actual poor delivery of service, from the corrupt government officials where it belongs, to the sitting duck target of the white minority.]
News24
We want 60% of Anglo, says Malema:
“What Anglo does with the other 40% is their business,” ANCYL president Julius Malema said at a gala dinner in Nelspruit on Friday, predicting that the nationalisation of mines would “happen in my lifetime”.
...
“Share that delicious piece of cake. Don’t eat it all alone!” he said to loud applause.
...
Malema said unemployment was the cause of recent political unrest, and nationalisation was the way to solve it.
“Maybe it’s time for the youth to climb into the driving seat of the car,” he said.
...
“The Oppenheimers don’t need to worry because we only want 60% of Anglo American’s money,” he said.
...
“An uprising is coming to South Africa, and the uprising won’t be against the ANC,” he said to screaming and cheering members of the ANCYL.
“The uprising will target white men and white monopolies,” he warned. “It won’t be aimed at white women."
...
And finally, the statement that should in time go down as Malema's crowning glory of logical extrapolation:
To prevent the revolution from losing steam, Malema urged a full hall in the Ehlanzeni District Municipality building to have as many babies as possible.
“Having babies is a revolutionary thing. You must reproduce! If you shame a black man about his large family, you should immediately change your attitude.”
---
If you were wondering if this was just a random, egregious outburst, then let the words of the chairperson of the South African Democratic Teachers Union, Moss Senye, as reported in the Sowetan, put your mind at rest:
Addressing about 1,000 teachers during a mass meeting yesterday, Senye said:
"Whether [Gauteng Education Board MEC] Barbara [Creecy] likes it or not, we will have our meetings. Despite Barbara, we will vote for the ANC during the elections and they will remove her. Let us not embrace satanic people. Down with Satanism.
"You cannot be friends with white people, they will Satanise you," he said.
Creecy was called "satanic" for implementing the no work, no pay policy for teachers who took part in last year's month-long public sector strike.
...
"At no stage should you be friends with white people, they will satanise you."
---
Finally, here's how Anne Paton, the widowed wife of Alan Paton, the late author of Cry the Beloved Country, describes the situation:
A character in Cry, The Beloved Country says: "I have one great fear in my heart, that one day when they are turned to loving they will find we are turned to hating." And so it has come to pass. There is now more racial tension in this country than I have ever known.
But it is not just about black-on-white crime. It is about general lawlessness. Black people suffer more than the whites. They do not have access to private security firms, and there are no police stations near them in the townships and rural areas. They are the victims of most of the hijackings, rapes and murders. They cannot run away like the whites, who are streaming out of this country in their thousands.
...
I was so sorry he [Alan Paton] did not witness the euphoria and love at the time of the election in 1994. But I am glad he is not alive now. He would have been so distressed to see what has happened to his beloved country.
By way of support, he cites the fact that "professional whites and blacks are leaving in hordes - the human capital is decaying", and that the state exhibits a "lack of centralised leadership".
Savouri forecasts that as a result of this dysfunctional state, "Russia and Australia will win out. The surge in commodity prices will benefit them".
---
Savouri has a history of being contrarian and outspoken, having previously gone on record as stating "Finance is almost lawless. The nature of regulation is so light touch that it may as well not be there at all" during an address to the London School of Economics.
---
To put the prognostication in context, here are some of the things that ANC Youth League president Julius Malema had to say at an official party function (held in the lead up to the local government elections) last week.
[It is blatantly clear to everyone but his electorate that this is primarily an attempt to redirect dissatisfaction with the ANC's actual poor delivery of service, from the corrupt government officials where it belongs, to the sitting duck target of the white minority.]
News24
We want 60% of Anglo, says Malema:
“What Anglo does with the other 40% is their business,” ANCYL president Julius Malema said at a gala dinner in Nelspruit on Friday, predicting that the nationalisation of mines would “happen in my lifetime”.
...
“Share that delicious piece of cake. Don’t eat it all alone!” he said to loud applause.
...
Malema said unemployment was the cause of recent political unrest, and nationalisation was the way to solve it.
“Maybe it’s time for the youth to climb into the driving seat of the car,” he said.
...
“The Oppenheimers don’t need to worry because we only want 60% of Anglo American’s money,” he said.
...
“An uprising is coming to South Africa, and the uprising won’t be against the ANC,” he said to screaming and cheering members of the ANCYL.
“The uprising will target white men and white monopolies,” he warned. “It won’t be aimed at white women."
...
And finally, the statement that should in time go down as Malema's crowning glory of logical extrapolation:
To prevent the revolution from losing steam, Malema urged a full hall in the Ehlanzeni District Municipality building to have as many babies as possible.
“Having babies is a revolutionary thing. You must reproduce! If you shame a black man about his large family, you should immediately change your attitude.”
---
If you were wondering if this was just a random, egregious outburst, then let the words of the chairperson of the South African Democratic Teachers Union, Moss Senye, as reported in the Sowetan, put your mind at rest:
Addressing about 1,000 teachers during a mass meeting yesterday, Senye said:
"Whether [Gauteng Education Board MEC] Barbara [Creecy] likes it or not, we will have our meetings. Despite Barbara, we will vote for the ANC during the elections and they will remove her. Let us not embrace satanic people. Down with Satanism.
"You cannot be friends with white people, they will Satanise you," he said.
Creecy was called "satanic" for implementing the no work, no pay policy for teachers who took part in last year's month-long public sector strike.
...
"At no stage should you be friends with white people, they will satanise you."
---
Finally, here's how Anne Paton, the widowed wife of Alan Paton, the late author of Cry the Beloved Country, describes the situation:
A character in Cry, The Beloved Country says: "I have one great fear in my heart, that one day when they are turned to loving they will find we are turned to hating." And so it has come to pass. There is now more racial tension in this country than I have ever known.
But it is not just about black-on-white crime. It is about general lawlessness. Black people suffer more than the whites. They do not have access to private security firms, and there are no police stations near them in the townships and rural areas. They are the victims of most of the hijackings, rapes and murders. They cannot run away like the whites, who are streaming out of this country in their thousands.
...
I was so sorry he [Alan Paton] did not witness the euphoria and love at the time of the election in 1994. But I am glad he is not alive now. He would have been so distressed to see what has happened to his beloved country.
Thursday, March 3, 2011
Russian Ex-Goldman Algo Developer Imprisoned for IP Theft
NYTimes, 2011/03/02
Judge Unexpectedly Imprisons Ex-Goldman Programmer:
A federal judge has unexpectedly locked up the former Goldman Sachs programmer found guilty of stealing the investment bank’s computer code.
The Goldman executive, Sergey Aleynikov, had been on house arrest pending sentencing in a few weeks. But after the government warned he was a flight risk, Judge Denise L. Cote imprisoned Mr. Aleynikov, ruling that there was not “clear and convincing evidence” that he was not likely to flee the United States
He is set to be sentenced on March 18. The government is pushing for Mr. Aleynikov to serve between 8 and 10 years.
...
In December, a jury found Mr. Aleynikov guilty of stealing Goldman’s computer code for high-frequency trading when he left the bank to join a start-up in 2009. Prosecutors depicted Mr. Aleynikov, a Russian-born immigrant, as a brazen thief who uploaded thousands of lines of source code from the firm.
Mr. Marino, the lawyer for Mr. Aleynikov, called the government’s case “a silly prosecution” during the trial. He acknowledged that his client made a mistake in violating Goldman’s confidentiality policies, but insisted that he did not commit a federal crime.
-------------
NYTimes, 2009/07/07
The Man Accused of Stealing Goldman’s Code :
But over five days in early June, the authorities say, he stole proprietary, “black box” computer programs that Goldman uses to make lucrative, rapid-fire trades in the financial markets. Their value, experts say, could be incalculable.
Mr. Aleynikov, however, will not get a chance to use those secrets. He was arrested by federal agents on Friday evening, as he got off a plane at Newark Liberty International Airport. He has pleaded not guilty to charges of theft of trade secrets and transporting them abroad.
..
However, at a court appearance in Manhattan on July 4, Joseph Facciponti, the assistant United States attorney, told a federal judge that Mr. Aleynikov’s supposed theft posed a risk to United States financial markets and that other people may have had access to it, according to Bloomberg News.
“The bank has raised the possibility that there is a danger that somebody who knew how to use this program could use it to manipulate markets in unfair ways,” Mr. Facciponti said in the court, according to Bloomberg. “The copy in Germany is still out there, and we at this time do not know who else has access to it.”
Court Transcript
--------------
2011-03-18
NJ.com
Aleynikov has been sentenced to 8 years for the theft. ZeroHedge relevantly notes that, apart from Bernie Madoff, this is the longest sentence to be handed down to any financial professional involved in the crisis.
In the words of Joe Saluzzi from Themis Trading:
"Don't cross the the Vampire Squid."
Judge Unexpectedly Imprisons Ex-Goldman Programmer:
A federal judge has unexpectedly locked up the former Goldman Sachs programmer found guilty of stealing the investment bank’s computer code.
The Goldman executive, Sergey Aleynikov, had been on house arrest pending sentencing in a few weeks. But after the government warned he was a flight risk, Judge Denise L. Cote imprisoned Mr. Aleynikov, ruling that there was not “clear and convincing evidence” that he was not likely to flee the United States
He is set to be sentenced on March 18. The government is pushing for Mr. Aleynikov to serve between 8 and 10 years.
...
In December, a jury found Mr. Aleynikov guilty of stealing Goldman’s computer code for high-frequency trading when he left the bank to join a start-up in 2009. Prosecutors depicted Mr. Aleynikov, a Russian-born immigrant, as a brazen thief who uploaded thousands of lines of source code from the firm.
Mr. Marino, the lawyer for Mr. Aleynikov, called the government’s case “a silly prosecution” during the trial. He acknowledged that his client made a mistake in violating Goldman’s confidentiality policies, but insisted that he did not commit a federal crime.
-------------
NYTimes, 2009/07/07
The Man Accused of Stealing Goldman’s Code :
But over five days in early June, the authorities say, he stole proprietary, “black box” computer programs that Goldman uses to make lucrative, rapid-fire trades in the financial markets. Their value, experts say, could be incalculable.
Mr. Aleynikov, however, will not get a chance to use those secrets. He was arrested by federal agents on Friday evening, as he got off a plane at Newark Liberty International Airport. He has pleaded not guilty to charges of theft of trade secrets and transporting them abroad.
..
However, at a court appearance in Manhattan on July 4, Joseph Facciponti, the assistant United States attorney, told a federal judge that Mr. Aleynikov’s supposed theft posed a risk to United States financial markets and that other people may have had access to it, according to Bloomberg News.
“The bank has raised the possibility that there is a danger that somebody who knew how to use this program could use it to manipulate markets in unfair ways,” Mr. Facciponti said in the court, according to Bloomberg. “The copy in Germany is still out there, and we at this time do not know who else has access to it.”
Court Transcript
--------------
2011-03-18
NJ.com
Aleynikov has been sentenced to 8 years for the theft. ZeroHedge relevantly notes that, apart from Bernie Madoff, this is the longest sentence to be handed down to any financial professional involved in the crisis.
In the words of Joe Saluzzi from Themis Trading:
"Don't cross the the Vampire Squid."
Labels:
algo,
GoldmanSachs,
market-manipulation,
quant,
USA
China Unambiguously Signals Intent to Abandon the Dollar
Reuters 2011/03/03
China aims to settle nationwide trade in yuan by 2011:
China hopes to allow all exporters and importers to settle their cross-border trades in the yuan by this year, the central bank said on Wednesday, as part of plans to grow the currency's international role.
In a statement on its website www.pbc.gov.cn, the central bank said it would respond to overseas demand for the yuan to be used as a reserve currency. It added it would also allow the yuan to flow back into China more easily.
IBTimes 2011/03/03
China to allow all trades to settle in yuan, encourages use as reserve currency:
Other moves on the part of China to internationalize its currency include allowing foreign companies to issue yuan-denominated bonds and relaxing rules for foreign financial institutions to access the yuan.
China aims to settle nationwide trade in yuan by 2011:
China hopes to allow all exporters and importers to settle their cross-border trades in the yuan by this year, the central bank said on Wednesday, as part of plans to grow the currency's international role.
In a statement on its website www.pbc.gov.cn, the central bank said it would respond to overseas demand for the yuan to be used as a reserve currency. It added it would also allow the yuan to flow back into China more easily.
IBTimes 2011/03/03
China to allow all trades to settle in yuan, encourages use as reserve currency:
Other moves on the part of China to internationalize its currency include allowing foreign companies to issue yuan-denominated bonds and relaxing rules for foreign financial institutions to access the yuan.
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